Multinational Research Society Publisher

MRS Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Studies

Issue-4(April), Volume-2 2025

1. Colorectal Polyps Shape Classification Based On CNN Models
1

Almo'men Bellah Alawnah*
Department of Industrial Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
1-5
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15128796

Colorectal polyps are precursors to colorectal cancer, making their early detection and classification crucial for effective treatment. This study focuses on developing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to classify the shapes of colorectal polyps in endoscopic images. Various CNN architectures, including ResNet101, VGG16, and a custom CNN, were trained and evaluated on the Kvasir dataset, which consists of annotated endoscopic images classified into flat, sessile, and pedunculated polyps. The dataset was divided into 75% for training and 25% for testing, with preprocessing techniques such as resizing, normalization, and augmentation applied to enhance model performance. Transfer learning was leveraged to enhance feature extraction, and the models were evaluated using metrics such as accuracy, recall, precision, and F1-score. Experimental results showed that ResNet101 achieved the highest accuracy of 95.15%, followed by VGG16 (94.85%) and the custom CNN (94.24%). Models such as InceptionV3 and Xception exhibited comparatively lower performance. These findings suggest that CNNs, particularly ResNet101, can effectively classify colorectal polyp shapes, aiding in early diagnosis and treatment. Future work will focus on hyperparameter optimization, ensemble learning, and advanced deep learning techniques to further enhance classification accuracy.

2. IMPROVING SCIENTIFIC AND FORENSIC FOCUS RESEARCH STUDIES' CRIME DETECT...
5

Dr. John Motsamai Modise*
Tshwane University of Technology
6-29
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15128883

The article's objective is to increase the capacity of the South African police force to identify and address criminal activity by means of forensic and scientific research investigations. The requirements for legislative compliance will be outlined in this article, along with an assessment of the level of compliance, a plan for handling non-compliance and maintaining compliance, an estimate of the possible consequences of non-compliance, and a breakdown of the Act's legal requirements for medical surveillance. The suggestions made to ensure adherence, or the holes discovered that have a detrimental impact on adherence? What kind of evaluation and supervision procedures can be established to ensure continued Act compliance? Assessing Act Compliance. This text provides the foundation for understanding and ensuring compliance with the Act pertaining to medical surveillance at work. Legislative requirements, current compliance levels, weaknesses in the system, potential consequences analysis, establishing procedures for continued compliance, and handling non-compliance are only a few of the significant subjects addressed. Establish a Structure to Address NonCompliance and Sustain Compliance, Determine the gaps that adversely impact compliance, compute the effects of compliance and non-compliance, and the degree of compliance with the law. Tool recommendations for monitoring and assessment, key performance indicators (KPIs), and adherence assurance.

3. SOCIAL JUSTICE, DIVERSITY, EQUITY, AND INCLUSION
2

Dr. John Motsamai Modise*
Tshwane University of Technology
30-41
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15128905

This research investigates how to dismantle systemic inequalities and create a more just and equitable society through the implementation of Social Justice, Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (SDEI) initiatives. Main topics: Root causes of systemic inequalities within a specific context (e.g., education, workplace, healthcare). Effectiveness of existing SDEI initiatives in addressing these inequalities. Evidence-based strategies to promote diversity, ensure equity, and foster a more inclusive environment. Key arguments: Systemic inequalities stem from historical and ongoing biases, power structures, and resource allocation. Existing SDEI initiatives often have limited effectiveness and require a more targeted approach. Implementing evidence-based strategies like culturally responsive teaching (education), sponsorship programs (workplace), and cultural competency training (healthcare) can create a more just and equitable environment. Methodological approach: Literature review of recent SDEI research within the chosen context. Analysis of existing SDEI initiatives and their outcomes. Identification of best practices and development of evidence-based recommendations. Significance: This research informs the development and implementation of more effective SDEI initiatives. It contributes to dismantling systemic inequalities and promoting social justice across various contexts. Audience: Scholars and researchers in the field of SDEI. Policymakers and practitioners working on diversity and inclusion issues. Individuals and organizations committed to creating a more just and equitable society.

4. CONFORMITY OF SOUTH AFRICAN POLICE SERVICE WITH THE CREATION, UPKEEP,...
9

Dr. John Motsamai Modise*
Tshwane University of Technology
42-51
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15128927

The article's goal is to offer a thorough framework that complies with the creation, upkeep, and efficient use of standards for K9 units. The aim is to ascertain and evaluate. Examine and evaluate relevant breed-specific, regional, national, and professional organization standards for K9 units: Create and uphold: Create standards that are precise, succinct, and flexible enough to meet the unique requirements and conditions of the K9 unit. Increase capability: Establish thorough education and training programs covering all pertinent criteria for handlers, trainers, and supervisors. Combine and keep an eye on: Create standards-aligned operating procedures and execute routine performance evaluations of each K9 and the unit as a whole. Always strive for improvement: Review and update standards frequently, compare them to those of other K9 units, and take into account external audits for unbiased evaluations and recommendations for development. Give animal welfare first priority: Make sure K9 partners receive ethical care and that their physical and mental health are given priority in accordance with accepted standards. Encourage accountability and openness: Keep up transparent reporting procedures and documentation for both internal and external oversight. Make sure it's sustainable: While upholding high standards, strike a balance between budgetary and resource constraints and compliance activities. K9 units do not have a single national framework for standards compliance, while playing a critical role in the South African Police Service (SAPS). The present status of K9 unit standards in the SAPS is examined in this article, with particular attention paid to gaps in national regulations, stakeholder involvement, training materials, and routine evaluations. The report makes important suggestions for improvement by taking into account the local environment and drawing on global best practices. The creation of national standards, improved training and resources, increased stakeholder engagement, regular assessment implementation, open corrective action protocols, and proactive community engagement are a few of these. The SAPS may emphasize the ethical treatment of canine partners, establish a strong system for compliance, ensure K9 units work at their highest level, and ultimately uphold the faith and trust of the public by addressing these issues. Robust K9 units are invaluable resources in many domains, greatly enhancing both efficacy and safety. Nevertheless, they must follow certain guidelines in order to succeed, which goes beyond natural aptitude. This document provides a framework for guaranteeing adherence to the creation, upkeep, and efficient use of standards for K9 units. This framework places a strong emphasis on the value of precise instructions, thorough training, frequent evaluations, ongoing development, and the humane treatment of canine companions. Organizations can cultivate K9 units that prioritize the welfare of their animal partners, maintain public trust, and succeed in performance by implementing this approach.

5. PRODUCTION OF MAIZE (Zea mays l.) AS EFFECTED BY SPACING AND VARIETY I...
3

Odiaka, N. I.*, Madina P., Nya...
Department of Crop Production, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Nigeria
52-58
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15169318

This two-season field experiment investigated the impact of spacing and variety on maize (Zea mays L.) growth and yield in Makurdi, Nigeria. Two maize varieties (Sammaz 51 and Sammaz 14) were evaluated at three spacing regimes (15, 20, and 25 cm). A randomized complete block design with three replications was employed. Physiological and yield-related traits were assessed, including, plant height, the number of leaves, stem diameter, and adventitious roots per plant, were measured. Other characters like stem girth, Adventurous root, Cob length, Cob diameter, Number of line per cob, Number of cob/plant, number of seed per cob, Shelling (%), 1000 seed weight and Yield (t/ha) were also recorded. The results of the investigation revealed that maize generally responded to both spacing and variety. All the parameters studies have significantly (P ≤ 0.05) responded to varietal effects, the use of Sammaz 14 was observed to perform higher in both growth character such plant height(123.30), the number of leaves (16.27), stem girth (5.98), adventitious roots per plant (6.10), Cob length (14.67), Cob diameter (9.22), Number of line per cob (15.30), Number of cob per plant (2.74), number of seed per cob (620.43), Shelling (80.92 %), 1000 seed weight(952.43g) and Yield (5.42t/ha) Maize grown in spacing 15cm outgrows those cultivated in spacing 20 and 25cm in both vegetative and reproductive character such as plant height (137.54), the number of leaves (16.24), stem girth (5.00), Adventurous root (6.01), Cob length (15.21), Cob diameter (9.73), Number of line per cob (16.54), Number of cob per plant (2.90), number of seed per cob (621.32), Shelling (85%), 1000 seed weight (901.65g) and Yield (5.54t/ha). On seasonal effect the cultivation of maize in 2024 remained superior in all the parameters under consideration. Optimal maize production in Makurdi can be achieved using 15 cm spacing and Sammaz 14. Based on the results obtained it can be suggested that famers in the location can use spacing 15cm and Sammaz 14 boast maize production for optimum yield.

6. Strategic Innovation and Sustainable Economic Performance of the Manuf...
8

Lucy Horace Owonte, PhD*
Department of Marketing, Port Harcourt Polytechnic, Rumuola, Port Harcourt
59-64
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15220478

The study investigated strategic innovation and sustainable economic performance of manufacturing sector in Rivers State. It adopted the correlational research design and operationalized the innovation into the variables of product innovation, technological innovation, and social innovation with sustainable economic performance as the dependent variable. The population of the study was 150 which consisted of staff of manufacturing companies operating in Rivers State. The sample size of 150 was used adopting the census sampling technique in which the entire population was used. A questionnaire instrument tagged, Strategic Innovation and Sustainable Economic Performance (SISEP) was used and calibrated into modified Likert scale of Very High Extent (4), High Extent (3), Low Extent (2), Very Low Extent (1). The three research questions were answered using Mean and Standard Deviation at mean criterion of 2.5, while the null hypotheses were tested using Pearson Product Correlation Coefficient (PPMC) at .05 significance level. The findings of the study showed that the variables of strategic innovation significantly relate to sustainable economic performance in manufacturing companies in Rivers State. The study concluded that if marketing innovative measures of product design or innovation, appropriate technology and social innovation are applied sustainably, will lead to improved economic performance of manufacturing companies in Rivers State. It recommended among others that, manufacturing companies in Rivers State should from time-to-time train and retrain their staff on modern technological innovations to improve on their economic performance.

7. Multi -Variable Analysis of Substance Use and Accompanying Psychopatho...
2

Prof . Dr. Derya BERRAK*, Dr....
St. Clements University, Head of the Department of Sociology
65-78
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15293874

This study aims to examine how the psychopathological symptoms that accompany substance use disorders are knocked on a multi -variable plane. In particular, psychological variables such as depression, impulsivity and attention deficit, as well as societies on substance use behavior, were investigated. The research is designed with mixed method approach; Beck Depression Scale (BDO), Barratt impulsivity scale (BIS-11) and Stroop test were used as quantitative data collection tools, and qualitative data were obtained through semistructured interviews. In the analysis, statistical methods such as Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple regression, hierarchical modeling and opening factor analysis were used. Findings show that depression and impulse levels significantly predicate the use of substances, especially in particular, depressive symptoms play a fundamental role in both the onset and maintenance of addiction behavior. In addition, it was found that structural variables such as low education level, unemployment and social exclusion increase and reinforce addiction. Factor analysis results showed that psychopathological spouse diagnoses were clustered in two basic dimensions (mood -based and impulsive -based); This structure supported the need to develop individual intervention strategies in treatment planning. Neuropsychological assessments confirm that substance use disorder is not only behavioral, but also a cognitive and neurobiological based structure with findings such as impaired attention processes and impulse control. The results of the research reveal that a multidimensional approach that evaluates the individual's spiritual pattern together with social, cultural and biological layers will be more effective in understanding and intervention of addiction.





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